a heterodyne-based method for measuring object movement speed and vibration parameters

Now, in the industry and science, laser methods and tools are widely used to measure various parameters of objects and environment. Among them is distinguished the method of a heterodyne interferometry allowing real time measurements of fairly high accuracy. However, there is an essential shortcoming in this method. It is rather narrow range of measurements because a period of the wave-interference pattern is commensurable with the light wavelength. Therefore, for measurement of parameters of extended objects this work offers a method, which allows us to form the period wave-interference pattern commensurable with the object sizes using two channels of measurement, i.e. rough and exact, thereby providing a wide range and high accuracy of measurement. The article considers the offered method application to measure a movement speed and vibration parameters of the object and shows its advantage. It describes a structure of the heterodyne-based meter of the cross speed of object movement using the offered method where, as a result of the reflector cross movement, the phase of interfering beams is changed because the wave-interference pattern will be displaced with respect to the optoelectronic sensor slit. The paper defines efficiently working borders of this method for measuring object speed. It is found that to measure the amplitude of vibrations it is determined in this case by calculating the Bessel function transitions through zero. Thus, for disambiguation in determination of the amplitude size rather complicated equipment is demanded. It is shown that the offered method allows us to take absolute measurements of amplitude and frequency of vibrations along with simplified implementation. The calculations show that for the real speeds of the object movement this method, as compared to a known Doppler method, will have the higher sensitivity, which is easily regulated in a wide range by changing the frequency to the cross speeds of the movement and can provide a linear dependence of the signal amplitude and frequency on the object vibration.